Document Type : Original Article
Author
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is growing mainly for green pods and dried seeds. It is an essential source for proteins, carbohydrates, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B group, health gaining antioxidants, plant sterols and dietary fibers. Faba bean also supplies an important grant to crop, soil texture and fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. In Egypt, root rot diseases caused by many complex soil-borne fungi, which destroy the productivity of faba bean. Wherein, our study has been attained the novel procedure for management of root rot diseases by mutual potentiality of Trichoderma spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture filtrates. Rhizoctonia solani isolate No. 4 and Fusarium solani isolate No. 7 were chosen as the most aggressive pathogens in the pathogenicity test causing the highest incidence of damping-off and root rot diseases of faba bean. Anatomically, the cross sections in the primary root examined by light microscope showed a comprehensive destruction of several parts of epidermal root cells, the degradation of cortical cells followed by plasmolysis of cell components during infection with R. solani, as well. On other words, under scanning microscope, F. solani has the more virulence, with a broad disruption in some xylem vessels, closes many xylem vessels by fungal hyphae, whereas the dimensions of some xylem vessels were larger than like it in healthy root. Trichoderma spp < em>. showed particular variety of antagonistic activity towards pathogenic fungi, T. harzianum isolate No. 2, T. viride No. 4 and T. album No. 1were the most powerful towards pathogens. Further, the dual combination of T. viride and Yeast filtrates suppressed entirely the growth of R. solani. On the other side, T. album + Yeast culture filtrate suppressed the growth of F. solani. Results of Pot experiment indicated that the highest protection of faba bean against damping-off and root rot diseases was occurred when treated with Topsin M 70 % wp and a dual combination of T. viride + Yeast culture filtrates ranked the second treatment. The application of both Trichoderma spp. and Yeast culture filtrates each alone or in combination picture, stimulated the activity of plant defense enzymes, enhanced nodules status and nitrogenase activity as well as photosynthetic pigments. T. viride + Yeast culture free cells gave the highest values of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, nodules status, nitrogenase and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, T. album + Yeast showed the highest chitinase activity. Hopefully, the mixture of culture filtrates of T. viride + Yeast is recommended for alleviation the injurious effects of root rot fungal pathogens in faba bean as substitutive for fungicides.
Keywords
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