Slow-rusting Resistance to Stripe Rust Along with Grain Yield Losses in Egyptian Bread Wheat Cultivars

Ashmawy, Mamdouh A.; Draz, Ibrahim S.; Saad-El-Din, Heba I.; Gad, Mohamed A.; Esmail, Samar M.

doi:10.21608/ejp.2024.373302

Slow-rusting Resistance to Stripe Rust Along with Grain Yield Losses in Egyptian Bread Wheat Cultivars

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant, Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619 Giza, Egypt

² Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619 Giza, Egypt

³ Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.

⁴ Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12619 Giza, Egypt

10.21608/ejp.2024.373302

Abstract

The lack of durable resistance in wheat cultivars to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the primary cause of disease epidemics causing significant yield losses. This study examined the levels of partial resistance (slow-rusting) to stripe rust in fourteen Egyptian wheat cultivars at the adult plant stage during the 2022/23 and 2023/24 growing seasons. Under greenhouse conditions, the wheat cultivars; Sakha-94, Sakha-95, Misr-3, Giza-168, Giza-171 and Gemmeiza-12 showed moderate rust severity, being moderately susceptible. These cultivars had the longest incubation and latent periods, along with the smallest stripe lengths and lowest infection frequencies (No. pustules per cm²). Therefore, they can be classified as slow-rusting resistant cultivars. Under field conditions, slow-rusting resistance level was assessed through final rust severity (FRS %), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and average coefficient of infection (ACI). Cultivars, Sakha-94, Sakha-95, Misr-3, Giza-168, Giza-171 and Gemmeiza-12, were identified as potentially having partial resistance with low disease severity and lower ACI and AUDPC values during both seasons. A direct correlation was observed between disease level and yield loss in most cultivars. Susceptible cultivars experienced significant reductions in grain yield per plot and 1000-kernel weight over the two seasons. In contrast, Sakha-94, Sakha-95, Misr-3, Giza-168, Giza-171, and Gemmeiza-12 showed minimal yield losses and were identified as partially resistant to stripe rust.

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