Effectiveness of Plant Extracts as Safe Control Means against Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases in Faba Bean Plants

Document Type : Original Article

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Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Faba bean root rot caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important biotic stresses in the major growing areas in Egypt. In this study, aqueous extracts and organic solvent extracts of three wild medicinal plants (Lawsonia inermis, Eugenia jambolana and Moringa oleifera) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for protection of faba bean plants against damping-off and root rot diseases. Under laboratory conditions, all aqueous and organic solvent extracts significantly suppressed linear growth of F. solani and R. solani. E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest inhibition to the linear growth of both pathogenic tested fungi. Also, organic solvent extracts were more active than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all tested extracts significantly reduced damping-off and root rot incidence as well as increased some crop parameters in the field compared with untreated control. Faba bean seeds treated with E. jambolana extracts gave the highest protection against damping-off and root rot as well as recorded the highest crop components compared to the other extracts. In physiological studies, activity of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as content of phenolic compounds were increased in plants treated with aqueous or organic solvent extracts grown in soil infested with any of F. solani and R. solani, compared with untreated plants (control). In general, E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest increase in the activity of all enzymes as well as the content of total phenolic compounds. The organic solvent extracts increased the activity of all assessed enzymes and total phenolic compounds more than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. These results suggested that aqueous and organic solvent extracts may play an important role for controlling faba bean damping-off and root rot diseases.

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